The Ethereum community has been in agitation in recent weeks, with the members who raise the alarm that the chain will lose its competitive advantage if it does not address some central design problems.
A key approach to indignation has been the fragmentation of layer 2. In recent years, Ethereum has adopted a layer 2 -scale mail map, a plan that encouraged the development of third -party auxiliary networks called “layer rollups of layer 2 “, To help climb the Ethereum Base Ecosystem. The download activity to these more general networks has helped reduce rates and improve speeds for end users, but has led to a massive and deeply fragmented ecosystem of layer 2s.
While layer 2 networks are put back in Ethereum, they often struggle to communicate directly with each other, which means that passing assets and data between them can become expensive and cumbersome. There is also the risk of centralized sequencers: Dependency of the black boxes controlled by the company to pass the transaction data between the Blockchain layers.
As the chains in layer 2 continue to proliferate, some Ethereum developers are pressing the roll technology that adopts a new approach to safety and interoperability: “Rolllups based”.
Rollupps based
Rurrucados based differ from most existing curly ones because execution tasks change, such as transaction processing, back to Ethereum layer-1 instead of handling them in a separate layer 2 network.
When someone performs transactions in a curled up of layer 2, their transaction is processed through a component called “sequencer.” The sequencer eliminates multiple transactions and sends them to Ethereum for liquidation. In most today’s role -playing, this sequencer is centralized, which means that a unique entity (generally the company that built the Rollup) controls the order and publication of transactions.
Centralized sequencers are currently a topic of debate in the Ethereum community. While sequencers provide efficiency and generate income for accumulation operators through strategic transactions management, they also introduce a single failure point. A malicious or malicious sequencer can delay or manipulate transactions, which raises concerns about censorship and reliability.
Rurrucados based avoid this vulnerability through the use of the incorporated sequencing of Ethereum, their massive community of validators, instead of a single centralized sequencer.
The evolution of the CAP-2 roadmap
In 2022, the co -founder of Ethereum, Vitalik Butein, presented his vision for a road map centered on the end. The plan proposed using the layers of layer 2 to pass the high rates of the base chain and slow transaction speeds.
Different rollups use different strategies to keep costs and increases in increase, but all are designed to defend decentralization and safety, which means (in theory) the networks should not be executed centrally, and the transactions that pass to Ethereum are free of manipulating.
Rollups such as optimism, referee, base, Zksync and the explosion have grown rapidly to admit larger transaction volumes than Ethereum. According to L2beat, there are currently 140 live layer networks, but the experience of operating between them, overcoming assets and other data between the networks, has become clumsy. As Ethereum becomes larger and layer 2 networks become more comprehensive for their operation, improve communication between CAPA-2, in other words, improve “composability”, it has become more important than ever.
Because the cudllated based share the sequencer of the Capa-1 chain (sometimes called the “proposition” of the Capa-1), they can resort to intelligent contracts in other rollups based on seconds, which facilitates Access and exchange data through the Capa- 2s.
“They effectively share a sequencer with each other and also with the Capa-1 and that allows the sequencer now to coordinate messages that pass between different curled up based, while normally the messages occur asynchronously,” said Ben Fisch, CEO of Espresso. Systems, in an interview with COINDESK.
Since all curds based use the incorporated sequencing of Ethereum, they can interact with each other instantly, in terms of blockchain, all within the same Ethereum block.1
“There could be, in the span of an Ethereum block, a retreat based on the assets of withdrawing, doing something in layer 1, depositing the assets, doing something in layer 2 and removing the assets again,” Fisch told Coindesk.
Some inconveniences
Some projects seek to use based technology, but only a curled up based, Taiko, is currently live.
While curly as Taiko have clear benefits, they must overcome some technical obstacles before they can be more widely adopted.
An important challenge is the generation of tests. When a curled up -based transaction data to Ethereum, it must generate and publish tests every 12 seconds, coinciding with the Ethereum block time. Currently, layers of layer 2 use two types of test systems: zero knowledge tests (ZK), which end in minutes, and optimistic tests, which take up to seven days to discover a possible fraud.
So that the cuddles based efficiently, the test generation speeds would need to align with the Ethereum block time, a significant technical leap. However, Fisch says that an advance in this front could be “imminent.”
The other trap are Ethereum block producers, or “layer proposals 1”. In Rollups based, these proposals assume the role of sequencing transactions. But its main motivation is not necessarily equity: it is profits
“Layer-1 proponents are not trust entities that work in the interest of layer 2, are economically motivated to earn as much money as they can,” Fisch said. “Therefore, you can confirm some transactions for end users, and then see an Mev opportunity, which makes them publish something totally different.”
MEV, or a maximum removable value, refers to the practice of reorder transactions to maximize profits, often at the expense of regular users. If the proposals manipulate the transactions, it could create instability in the Rollups based. To address this, developers are working on solutions such as based on based, which aim to add economic incentives so that the proposals act in the interest of the Rollups.
So, while curds based may have a promising way to reduce fragmentation between layer 2, they are not a miraculous solution. “My personal opinion is that curled up based are a part of the solution, they are not the only solution, and not all layers-2 should necessarily be based,” Fisch said.
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